The railway is a vast network so automatically it has some problems that need to face hence we took a major segment that was Utility Monitoring. We going to give some solutions to a major problem that Railways faced in Utility Monitoring is "track defects” using industrial standardized IoT devices. The railway transportation system is safety-critical, a small fault in a train, track, or train operation control system may cause serious hazards. Therefore, each should be carefully investigated for the safe running of the trains. Railway tracks are deployed over a long span in diverse geographical conditions hencemore vulnerable to the faults. Therefore, a real-time automatic track monitoring system is needed to timely investigate the tracks with precision without hurdling the normal train traffic. The main goal of this paper is to compare the performance of two mathematical methods (Fast Fourier Transformation and Discrete Wavelet Transformation) widely used to detect faults on railway tracks. The acceleratorsensors are deployed on the axle-box of service trains to measure the acceleration of the vibrations produced by the running train. Both methods are used to process the acceleration measurements to estimate the track faults specifically, cracks and corrugations. The effectiveness of both methods is compared to determine the best implementation in a real-time scenario. In a real-time scenario, the data is processed, as soon as it is collected from the accelerator sensors while the train is running, rather than using previously collected data of the track. It was observed from the simulation results that using Fast Fourier Transformation, 100% of corrugations and 90.53% of cracks were detected while using Discrete Wavelet Transformation, 99.33% of corrugations and 99.85% of cracks were detected. The following parameters will help to identify and track defects efficiently and let us allow to know how critical as well as how far from the remote device is as a report. An Arduino/Genuino Uno is a microcontroller board created on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital input/output pins, 6 analog inputs, 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It holds everything needed to support the microcontroller. The Arduino/Genuino Uno board can be driven through the USB connection or with an exterior power supply. The power source is selected inevitably. A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a tinny, flat electronic visual display that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals (LCs). LCs do not emit light directly. An Infrared sensor (IR sensor) is an electronic device that measures infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its area of view. Outward motion is sensed when an infrared source with one temperature such as a human, passes in front of an infrared source with another temperature such as a wall. The signal conditioning unit receives input signals from the analog sensors and gives a conditioned output of 0-5V DC equivalent to the entire range of each constraint. A relay is an electrically functioned switch. Current flowing through the coil of the relay generates a magnetic field that attracts a lever and changes the switch contacts. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is the functional Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). [11] Using a group of at least 24 Medium Earth Orbit satellites that transmit precise microwave signals, the system enables a GPS receiver to determine its location, speed, direction, and time. The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is the 2G and 3G cellular communication system in the global system for mobile communications (GSM) concerned with mobile data service. GPRS is a packet-built wireless data communication service intended to substitute the current circuitswitched services existing on the second-generation GSM and time division multiple access (TDMA) IS-136 networks. The Internet of things (IoT) is the network of physical devices and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and connectivity which allows these things to connect, collect and exchange data.
➢ARDUINO UNO R3: The Arduino Uno R3 is a microcontroller board based on a
removable, dual-inline-package (DIP) ATmega328 AVR microcontroller. It has 20 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs and 6 can be used as analog inputs).
Programs can be loaded on to it from the easy-to-use Arduino computer program.
➢IR SENSOR: The emitter is an IR LED and the detector is an IR photodiode. The IR photodiode is sensitive to the IR light emitted by an IR LED. The photo-diode's resistance and output voltage change in proportion to the IR light received. This is the underlying working principle of the IR sensor.
➢ULTRASONIC SENSOR: Ultrasonic sensors work by sending out a sound wave
at a frequency above the range of human hearing. The transducer of the sensor acts as a microphone to receive and send the ultrasonic sound. Our ultrasonic sensors, like many others, use a single transducer to send a pulse and to receive the echo.
➢DRIVER: drivers acts as an interface between the motors and the control circuits. Motor require high amount of current whereas the controller circuit works on low current signals. So the function of motor drivers is to take a low-current control signal and then turn it into a highercurrent signal that can drive a motor.
➢GPS MODULE: A global positioning system used for the purpose of navigation and detection of objects and places typically works on the basic principle of exchange of radio waves between the ground stations, satellites, and the receivers. This transmission and reception of data prefer a trilateration mechanism of operation.
➢LCD DISPLAY: A liquid crystal display (LCD) has liquid crystal material sandwiched between two sheets of glass. Without any voltage applied between transparent electrodes, liquid crystal molecules are aligned in parallel with the glass surface.
➢MOTOR: The principle of an electric motor is based on the current-carrying conductor which produces magnetic field around it. A current-carrying conductor is placed perpendicular to the magnetic field so that it experiences a force.
➢RELAY: Relay works on the principle of electromagnetic induction. When the electromagnet is applied with some current, it induces a magnetic field around it. Above image shows working of the relay. A switch is used to apply DC current to the load
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•Understanding the problem statements in the STP
•Finding out the best solutions
•Wire connection and verification
•Components Exploration
•IOT Communication Working
SUPER BROOOOOOOOOOOOO